Conservative Management
Short period of rest and activity modification
Avoid prolonged sitting, heavy lifting, and poor posture
Analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications
Muscle relaxants when indicated
Physiotherapy including:
Stretching exercises
Core and paraspinal muscle strengthening
Postural correction
Heat therapy / TENS
Ergonomic advice for workplace and daily activities
Weight reduction and lifestyle modification when required
Interventional Treatment
Trigger point injections
Epidural steroid injections
Facet joint injections or nerve blocks in selected patients
Surgical Management
Surgery is considered in patients with:
Persistent severe pain despite adequate conservative treatment
Progressive neurological deficit
Significant disc prolapse with nerve compression
Spinal instability or deformity
Features of cauda equina syndrome or cervical myelopathy
Early diagnosis, patient education, regular exercise, and posture correction play a key role in long-term recovery and prevention of recurrence.